【那些年．這一天】〔1927年8月1日．中國共產黨發動南昌起義〕

1927年8月1日．中國共產黨發動南昌起義

1^st August 1927．Chinese Communist Party launched the Nanchang Uprising

1921年，中國共產黨正式成立，鑒於創建初期勢孤力弱，希望與國民黨合作以擴大勢力。與此同時，孫中山亦致力尋求外援，以改組國民黨並建立強大的軍事力量，蘇俄正好成為其拉攏目標。在各取所需下，國、共雙方展開第一次合作。

In 1921, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was formed. In order to expand its influence, the CCP wanted to cooperate with Kuomintang. Meanwhile, Sun Yixian also hoped to seek foreign assistance to reform Kuomintang and build up a strong military power, Soviet Russia seemed to be a good choice. Under such circumstance, the First United Front was formed.

然而至1925年初，力主「聯俄容共」的孫中山病逝，國、共關係在失去緩衝下日益惡化。1927年4月，蔣介石突然展開「清黨」捕殺中共黨人及親共人士。雖然以汪兆銘為首的派別一度維持「聯俄容共」方針，但至7月亦轉向「排共」，結果中共黨人周恩來、朱德等於8月1日發動「南昌起義」，國、共徹底決裂。

In early 1925, however, Sun Yinxian who advocated ‘lian e ronggong’ (alliance with the Soviets, admission of the Communists) died. The mitigation thus fell which deteriorated the relations of the two parties. In April 1927, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly carried out a full-scale anti-communist purge. Though the group led by Wang Zhaoming had once insisted on ‘lian e ronggong’, their attitude changed afterwards in July. As a result, communists such as Zhou Enlai and Zhu De launched the ‘Nanchang Uprising’. The relations between the CCP and Kuomintang totally broke off.

南昌起義以失敗告終，國民黨其後亦成功鎮壓「湖南秋收起義」與「廣州起義」。在此情況下，中共將發展目標由城市轉向農村，國民黨則加緊進行圍攻。1933年，中共確定南昌起義為建立獨立武裝力量之始，將8月1日定為中國工農紅軍（日後演變為中國人民解放軍）的建軍紀念日，亦即現今的「八一建軍節」。

Nachang Uprising failed at the end. After that, Kuomintang successfully suppressed the ‘Autumn Harvest Uprising’ and ‘Guangzhou Uprising’. The CCP, therefore, changed its target from city to countryside while Kuomintang kept laying siege to its enemy. In 1933, the CCP confirmed that Nachang Uprising was a start of establishing independent arm force and designated 1^st August as the Army Day of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army (later became the People's Liberation Army, PLA), now also known as the ‘1^st August Army Day’.

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• DSE History 歷史匯社